Myths and Realities About Solar Energy

Solar energy has seen remarkable growth in the United States and around the world in recent years. No longer just a trend or niche technology, it has become a real and viable option for powering homes, businesses, and entire communities. Despite its increasing popularity and accessibility, there are still many misconceptions and false beliefs that create confusion or even skepticism among potential users.

Whether it’s the idea that solar panels don’t work on cloudy days or that installation costs are unaffordable, myths surrounding solar energy continue to circulate. But how much of it is actually true? In this article, we’ll break down the most common myths and misunderstandings, separating fact from fiction with accurate information tailored to the U.S. context.

We’ll explore how solar systems function under different weather conditions, how much they really cost, how much maintenance they need, and whether it’s feasible to install solar panels in apartments or city dwellings. By the end of this read, you’ll have a clear, realistic understanding of what solar energy can offer—and what it can’t.

“Solar energy is too expensive”: A myth long past its expiration date

For years, the most common argument against solar energy was the high cost of installation. A decade ago, there was some truth to that: solar panels and the equipment needed to support them were indeed expensive. But that’s no longer the case.

Thanks to technological advancements, government incentives, and the economies of scale, the cost of solar panel installation in the U.S. has dropped by more than 60% since 2010, according to the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). Today, there are numerous state and federal programs—including the federal solar tax credit—that help significantly reduce upfront costs.

Homeowners can also take advantage of solar loans, leases, and power purchase agreements (PPAs), which allow them to install panels with little or no money down. Depending on your location and energy usage, it’s entirely possible to recoup your investment in 6 to 8 years. After that, the electricity you generate is essentially free for the life of the system, which typically lasts 25 years or more.

Do solar panels work on cloudy days?

One of the most persistent myths about solar energy is that panels don’t generate electricity unless it’s sunny. While it’s true that solar panels operate most efficiently in direct sunlight, they also produce energy on cloudy or overcast days.

Modern photovoltaic systems are designed to capture not only direct sunlight but also diffuse light—sunlight scattered by clouds. This means your system continues to generate electricity, though at a slightly reduced output. For example, on an overcast day, solar panels might operate at 10–25% efficiency compared to peak sunny conditions.

Even cities like Seattle, known for their frequent cloudy weather, have seen substantial growth in solar adoption. In the U.S., most regions receive more than enough solar radiation annually to make solar systems a worthwhile investment.

Can solar energy power an entire home?

Absolutely—provided the system is properly sized. Many homeowners mistakenly believe that solar panels only reduce part of their electric bill or are only suitable for off-grid cabins. But in reality, a well-designed solar system can cover 100% of a household’s electricity needs.

System size depends on several factors, including the average monthly energy consumption, roof size, orientation, shading, and geographic location. With a professional energy audit and a custom installation plan, most homes can be completely powered by solar energy, especially when combined with energy-efficient appliances and usage habits.

Adding a battery storage solution (like Tesla’s Powerwall or similar systems) can further increase energy independence by storing excess energy generated during the day for use at night or during outages.

Will solar panels damage my roof?

Another common concern is whether solar panel installation might damage the roof. This fear often stems from stories of poor installations or misinformation. In truth, when installed by certified professionals using quality equipment, solar panels pose no risk to your roof’s integrity.

In fact, panels can actually protect the portion of the roof they cover from sun, wind, and rain, potentially extending its lifespan. Installers use special mounting systems designed for different roofing materials, and all penetrations are sealed to prevent leaks.

Many solar installation companies also offer roof inspections as part of the service and may even recommend minor repairs before installation to ensure your home is fully ready.

Do solar panels pollute more than they help?

Critics of renewable energy sometimes claim that producing solar panels creates more pollution than the panels offset over their lifetime. This is simply not true when we look at the data.

According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a typical solar panel offsets the emissions from its manufacturing process within 1 to 4 years. Given that most panels last 25 years or longer, that’s two decades of clean energy after breaking even environmentally.

Moreover, the solar industry is making strides in improving the sustainability of its supply chain. Many of the materials used in solar panels—such as glass, aluminum, and silicon—are recyclable. Programs and facilities for recycling old panels are expanding globally, ensuring that end-of-life systems don’t end up in landfills.

The growth of solar energy in the U.S.

The United States has become one of the global leaders in solar energy deployment. As of 2024, over 4 million homes in the country have installed solar panels, and the number continues to rise rapidly.

States like California, Texas, Florida, and Arizona are leading the charge, not just due to their sunny climates but also because of supportive policies, net metering programs, and growing awareness among residents. Even traditionally colder or cloudier states like New York, Massachusetts, and Minnesota have seen impressive growth in solar installations thanks to state incentives and community solar programs.

Federal initiatives like the Inflation Reduction Act have further bolstered the sector, providing long-term tax incentives and investment in solar infrastructure. As more people realize the financial and environmental benefits, adoption continues to spread into rural, suburban, and urban areas alike.

What about solar energy in apartments or condos?

Many renters or apartment dwellers assume solar energy is off the table for them, but that’s not entirely true. While installing rooftop panels on a multi-unit building can be more complex, there are still several pathways to access solar power.

Community solar programs, for instance, allow individuals to “subscribe” to a shared solar project located nearby. The energy generated is credited to their utility bill, even if the panels are installed on a different site. Dozens of states offer community solar options, and more programs are being introduced every year.

Some condos and apartment buildings have started installing solar systems to power shared spaces like hallways, elevators, or laundry rooms—reducing common area costs and improving sustainability. The key is working with property managers and exploring available state-level programs.

Do solar panels require a lot of maintenance?

Another myth that discourages some homeowners is the belief that solar systems need constant upkeep or are fragile. The reality is that solar energy systems are extremely low-maintenance.

Solar panels are built to withstand the elements—snow, hail, rain, and high winds included. They have no moving parts, which minimizes wear and tear. For most homeowners, the only maintenance needed is a simple cleaning a few times a year to remove dust or debris.

Inverter components (which convert solar power into usable electricity) may need to be replaced after 10–15 years, but warranties often cover this. Most system providers offer 25-year performance guarantees, giving homeowners peace of mind.

Can solar completely replace the grid?

While solar energy has come a long way, it’s not quite ready to replace the traditional power grid entirely—at least not on its own. Solar is an intermittent energy source, meaning it produces electricity only when the sun is shining.

That said, combining solar with energy storage, smart grid technologies, and complementary sources like wind or hydro can significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels and centralized utilities. In fact, many experts envision a future where distributed energy systems—like home solar—play a central role in a more flexible, sustainable grid.

For now, solar energy serves as a powerful supplement to traditional electricity, offering users more control over their energy use and carbon footprint.

Frequently Asked Questions About Solar Energy

How long do solar panels last?
Most panels come with a 25–30 year warranty and continue functioning well beyond that, with gradual efficiency decline over time.

Can I use solar power at night?
Not directly, but battery systems allow you to store energy during the day and use it after sunset or during outages.

What happens if I produce more energy than I use?
With net metering, excess energy sent to the grid earns credits on your utility bill, which can offset your usage during low production times.

Can I get solar panels if I rent?
Yes! Through community solar programs or working with your landlord, renters can benefit from solar energy too.

How much can I save with solar?
Savings vary, but many households save between $10,000 and $30,000 over the lifetime of their system, depending on location and consumption.